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Tranquility/Sleep Support
see
Anxiety and insomnia
Ingredients:
1. Valerian root extract 200
mg
2. Passionflower extract 125
mg
3. Chamomile extract 125
mg
4. GABA (gamma amino butyric acid) 50
mg
5. Calcium (Glycerophosphate) 100
mg
6. Magnesium (Citrate) 50
mg
7. Vitamin B6 10 mg
8. Lipase 86.82 mg
9. Amylase 771.88 DU
10. Cellulase 265.26
CU
11. Protease 838.45
HUT
A special enzyme-based formula combined with phyto-therapeutic
herbs, vitamins and amino acids to help support calming effect
during the day or a restful sleep at night.
Taken during the day, this soothing tonic helps reduce stress,
ease tension, and induce tranquility. It calms the over stimulated
mind, reduces nervous agitation and relaxes muscle tension.
It is especially good for those with excessive worry, irritability
and anxiety.
Taken one-half hour before bedtime, it offers relief from
insomnia, restlessness, and anxiety, to help one sleep naturally,
and awaken without the ‘drug hangover’ associated
with many sleep products.
This formula is designed to nourish and support the body
while providing vitamins, minerals and botanicals for soothing
and calming the nervous system and musculature. Anxiety lacks
a clear or realistic cause. It is an unpleasant emotional state,
which ranges from a vague uneasiness to an intense fear.
Symptoms of anxiety include insomnia, muscle tension or spasms,
headaches, back pains, symptoms of irritable bowel, etc. Insomnia
is a particularly disruptive accompaniment to anxiety, as lack
of sleep takes its toll on the immune system. In one study,
23 men were observed after being deprived of sleep for four
hours in one night. Natural killer cell activity fell 30% the
next day. After having adequate rest the next night, killer
cell activity was restored to normal. Sleep is a time used
to nourish the body and mind. It is estimated by health professionals
that 33% of the population experiences insomnia on a regular
basis. In 95% of the cases, insomnia is a side effect or symptom,
not a primary disease (per Daniel Mowrey, Ph.D. in his Scientific
Validation of Herbal Medicine). Insomnia encompasses the difficulty
in falling asleep (called sleep onset insomnia) as well as
frequent or early awakening (known as maintenance insomnia).
In the U.S., 4 to 6 million people obtain prescriptions for
sedative hypnotics each year.
Causes of insomnia are diverse. Sleep onset insomnia may be caused by anxiety,
environmental change, emotional factors, disruptive environment, and fear of
insomnia among other factors. The inability to rest through the night may be
related to depression, environmental change, hypoglycemia, pain, drugs, alcohol
and other factors. As always, a well-rounded holistic approach can provide
the best results. These approaches can include exercise, stress reduction techniques
and counseling.
References:
Kramer, P. "Insomnia: Importance of the
differential diagnosis," Psychosomatics 1982, 23, pp.
129-37.
Science News: Fail to Snooze, immune cells
lose. 147:11, 1995
Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine, Daniel
Mowrey, Ph.D., Keats Publishing, 1986, page 163.
Total Wellness, Joseph Pizzorno, N.D., Prima
Publishing, 1996, page 52.
Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements, Michael T. Murray, N.D., Prima Publishing,
1996.
Tranquility/Sleep Support Ingredient Rationale:
Ingredients:
1.Valerian root extract
Valerian is a perennial and is native to Europe and North
America. Valerian root has been used for centuries in herbal
and folk medicine as a sedative, to address psychological disorders,
pain and headache, and has been proven to be a sedative, improving
coordination. It has been the topic of extensive research in
Germany and Russia. The root, and the major constituents known
as valeopotriates, have sedative, anticonvulsive, hypotensive,
tranquilizing, neurotropic and anti-aggressive properties.
Valerian has been used in Germany for approximately 10 years
to treat childhood behavioral disorders. It has no side effects,
as do other hyperactivity medications. In these children it
enhanced motor coordination while maintaining reaction time,
it calmed anxiety, curbed aggression, and addressed restlessness.
Several clinical studies have shown that the herb is effective
in improving sleep and has no side effects. Studies in 1982
and 1985 confirmed scientifically that valerian has the effect
of improving sleep quality as well as relieving insomnia. In
1989, in Germany, doctors identified that valium weakly binds
the brain receptors which are the same receptors to which benzodiazepines
bind. Benzodiazepines are the active ingredients in valium,
xanax, etc. Unlike pharmaceutical sleep aids, valerian does
not cause morning sleepiness or impairment of concentration
the following day. It is not addictive. Valerian does not impart
a negative impact on alertness, concentration, and reaction
time, the morning after intake. In healthy elderly people,
valerian doesn't negatively affect psychomotor performance.
Valerian Root is used for:
· Anxiety
· Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
· Depression
· Excitability
· Headaches, including migraines
· Hysteria
· Insomnia
· Menopause (anxiety and hot flashes)
· Menstrual cramps
· Mild tremors
· Muscle and joint pain
· Psychological stress
· Restlessness
· Stomach upset
Dosage/Safety:
In studies for improving sleep quality, 400-900 mg valerian extract per day,
before bedtime has been recommended for up to 28 days. Used appropriately,
Valerian is safe for most people. Ingesting large doses of valerian can cause
mild cardiac disturbances, excitability, headache, insomnia, and uneasiness
in some people.
References:
Scientific Validation of Herbal Medicine, The,
Daniel B. Mowrey, PhD, Keats Publishing, 1984.
Botanical Influences on Illness, Melvyn R.
Werbach, M.D., Michael T. Murray, N.D., Pg. 226-228.
Houghton PJ. The scientific basis for the reputed
activity of Valerian. J Pharm Pharmacol 1999;51(5):505-12.
Mennini T, Bernasconi P, Bombardelli E, et
al. In vitro study on the interaction of extracts and pure
compounds from Valeriana officinalis roots with GABA, benzodiazepine
and barbiturate receptors. Fitoterapia 1993;64:291–300.
Hadley S, Petry JJ. Valerian. Am Fam Physician
2003;67:1755-8.
Stevinson C, Ernst E. Valerian for insomnia:
a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Sleep
Med 2000;1:91-9.
Leathwood, P., Chauffard, F., Heck, E and Munoz-Box,
R., "Aqueous extract of valerian root (valeriana officinalis
L.) improves sleep quality in man," Pharmacol. Biochemical
Behavior, 1982, 17, pp. 65-71.
Francis AJ, Dempster RJ. Effect of valerian,
Valeriana edulis, on sleep difficulties in children with
intellectual deficits: randomised trial. Phytomedicine 2002;9:273-9.
Dressing H, Riemann D, Low H, et al. Insomnia:
Are valerian/balm combination of equal value to benzodiazepine?
Therapiewoche 1992;42:726–36.
Albrecht M, Berger W, Laux P, et al. Psychopharmaceuticals
and safety in traffic. Zeits Allegmeinmed 1995;71:1215–21.
Leathwood, P.D. and Chauffard, F., "Aqueous
extract of valerian reduces latency to fall asleep in man," Planta
Medica, 1985, 54 pp. 144-8, Encyclopedia of Natural Medicine,
page 393.
Andreatini R, Sartori VA, Seabra ML, Leite
JR. Effect of valepotriates (valerian extract) in generalized
anxiety disorder: a randomized placebo-controlled pilot study.
Phytother Res 2002;16:650-4.
Kohnen R, Oswald WD. The effects of valerian,
propranolol and their combination on activation performance
and mood of healthy volunteers under social stress conditions.
Pharmacopsychiatry 1988;21:447–8.
Kuhlmann J, Berger W, Podzuweit H, Schmidt
U. The influence of valerian treatment on "reaction
time, alertness and concentration" in volunteers. Pharmacopsychiatry
1999;32(6):235-41.
Holzl J. & Godau, P: Receptor binding studies
with Valerian officinalis on the benzodiazepine receptor.
Planta Medica 55: 642, 1989.
Poyares DR, Guilleminault C, Ohayon MM, Tufik
S. Can valerian improve the sleep of insomniacs after benzodiazepine
withdrawal? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2002;26:539-45.
Dressing H, Köhler S, Müller WE.
Improvement of sleep quality with a high-dose valerian/lemon
balm preparation: A placebo-controlled double-blind study.
Psychopharmakotherapie 1996;6:32–40.
Cropley M, Cave Z, Ellis J, Middleton RW. Effect
of kava and valerian on human physiological and psychological
responses to mental stress assessed under laboratory conditions.
Phytother Res 2002;16:23-7.
Mennini T. Bernasconi P., et al.: In vitro
study on the interaction of extracts and pure compounds from
Valeriana officinalis roots with GABA, benzodiazepine and
barbiturate receptors. Fitoterapia 64: 291-300, 1993.
Donath F, Quispe S, Diefenbach K, et al. Critical
evaluation of the effect of valerian extract on sleep structure
and sleep quality. Pharmacopsych 2000;33:47-53.
2. Passion Flower
Passion Flower has a long history of use as a sedative, analgesic,
and a diaphoretic, used to induce relaxation and sleep. Its
active ingredients have been identified, one of which has the
ability to induce a contemplative state and impart a mild euphoria.
Its primary use is as a mild sedative or nervine, to tranquilize,
and to induce sleep. This herb acts like a tonic, in that it
removes anxiety and tension that prevent relaxation or sleep,
but if the need exists to remain active and awake it does not
induce sleep. One study cited passionflower as ideal for use
in a fast paced life, due to its nutritive value as well as
its tranquilizing effect.
Passion flower is used for:
· Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
· Anxiety
· Asthma (spasmodic)
· Excessive worry
· Excitability
· Gastrointestinal spasms & upset
· Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
·
Heart palpitations
· High blood pressure
· Hysteria
· Insomnia
· Menopausal symptoms
· Mental overwork
· Nervousness
· Neuralgia
· Pain relief
· Restlessness· Seizures
· Symptoms of drug withdrawal
Dosage/Safety: Passionflower herb has been safely used at
doses of up to 2 grams, three times per day. At higher doses,
passionflower can cause confusion and/or dizziness in some
people.
References:
Gruenwald J, et al. PDR for Herbal Medicines.
1st ed. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, Inc., 1998.
Daniel Mowrey, Herbal Tonic Therapies, page
161.
Michael T. Murray and Joseph Pizzorno, Encyclopedia
of Natural Medicine, 1991, page 393.
Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Anti-anxiety studies
on extracts of Passiflora incarnata Linneaus. J Ethnopharmacol
2001;78:165-70.
Borrelli F, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity
of passiflora incarnata l. in rats. Phytotherapy Res 1996;10:S104-6.
Salgueiro JB, Ardenghi P, Dias M, et al. Anxiolytic
natural and synthetic flavonoid ligands of the central benzodiazepine
receptor have no effect on memory tasks in rats. Pharmacol
Biochem Behav 1997;58:887-91.
Akhondzadeh S, Naghavi HR, Shayeganpour A,
et al. Passionflower in the treatment of generalized anxiety:
a pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial with oxazepam.
J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;26(5):363-7.
Dhawan K, Kumar S, Sharma A. Anti-anxiety studies
on extracts of passiflora incarnata linneaus. J Ethnopharmacol
2001;78:165-70.
Bourin M, Bougerol T, Guitton B, Broutin E.
A combination of plant extracts in the treatment of outpatients
with adjustment disorder with anxious mood: controlled study
vs placebo. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1997;11:127-32.
Lutomski, J., Malek, B. and Rybacka, L. "Pharmacochemical
investigation of the raw materials from passiflora genus.The
pharmacochemical estimation of juices from the fruits of
passiflora edulis and passiflora edulis forma flavicarpa." Planta
Medica, 1975. 27, 112-121.
Akhondzadeh S, Kashani L, Mobaseri M, et al.
Passionflower in the treatment of opiates withdrawl: a double-blind
randomized controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther 2001;25(5):369-73.
3. Chamomile Extract
Chamomile is a widely used herb, often used as a household
tea for its calming and mildly sedative effect. The plant contains
both water and fat soluble components which work together to
provide a wide range of effects. Included among these effects
are a calming influence on the central nervous system. Animal
studies using normal doses indicate that chamomile has a relaxing
effect on the body, but is not disruptive to performance or
function. Animals appear less anxious than control animals,
but can still perform their tasks. Chamomile is also beneficial
for easing digestion, as it is calming to the stomach.
Chamomile is used for:
· Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
· Colic
· Flatulence
· GI disorders
· GI ulcers associated with NSAIDs
· Hemorrhoids
· Infections
· Inflammation
· Inflammatory diseases of the GI tract
· Insomnia
· Menstrual cramps
· Motion sickness
· Mucous membrane inflammation
· Nervous diarrhea
· Restlessness
· Sedation
·
Spasms
· Stomach and intestinal gas
Dosage/Safety: Chamomile is safe to use orally in medicinal
amounts of up 2-8 grams, three times per day. Higher doses
have caused vomiting in some people.
References:
Blumenthal, et al. Herbal Medicine, Expanded
Commission E Monographs, 1st ed. Austin: American Botanical
Council; 2000.
Daniel B. Mowrey, Ph.D., Herbal Tonic Therapies,
Keats Publishing, 1993, pages 185-187.
Habersang S, Leuschner F, Isaac O, Thiemer
K. [Pharmacological studies with compounds of chamomile.
IV. Studies on toxicity of (-)-alpha-bisabolol].
Planta Med 1979;37:115-23.
Della Loggia, R. et al. "Depressive effect
of chamomilla recutita (l.) rausch, tubular flower on central
nervous system in mice." Pharm. Res. Comm., 14(2), 153-162,
1982.
Avallone R, et al. Pharmacological profile
of apigenin, a flavonoid isolated from Matricaria chamomilla.
Biochem Pharmacol 2000;59:1387-94.
Budzinski JW, Foster BC, Vandenhoek S, et al.
An in vitro evaluation of human cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibition
by selected commercial herbal extracts and tinctures. Phytomedicine
2000;7:273-82.
4. GABA (gamma amino butyric acid)
GABA is produced naturally in the body via decarboxylation
of glutamate. GABA is a neurotransmitter that influences neural
excitability. It functions to inhibit excitatory messages in
the central nervous system. Thus, it can cause a calming effect
that helps to induce sleep. Deficiencies in GABA levels have
been shown to cause mild insomnia. GABA is found mainly in
the hypothalamus region of the brain and is known to play a
role in pituitary gland function, which regulates body temperature,
growth hormone synthesis, and sleep cycles.
GABA is used for:
· Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
· Calming the mind and body
· Increasing growth hormone levels
· Inducing relaxation
· Inducing sleep
· Mood elevation
· Promoting lean muscle growth
· Promoting muscle recovery
· Relieving anxiety
· Relieving symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
· Promoting a feeling of well-being
·
Relieving pain
· Stabilizing blood pressure
Dosage/Safety: Safe if used appropriately. Side effects have
only been reported with the intravenous use of GABA.
References:
Dhossche D, Applegate H, Abraham A, Maertens
P, Bland L, Bencsath A, Martinez J., Elevated plasma gamma-aminobutyric
acid (GABA) levels in autistic youngsters: stimulus for a
GABA hypothesis of autism. Med Sci Monit. 2002 Aug;8(8):PR1-6.
Cavagnini F, et al. Effects of gamma aminobutyric
acid (GABA) and muscimol on endocrine pancreatic function
in man. Metabolism 1982;31(1):73-7.
Arch Int Med 145:1604 (1985).
Gottesmann C., GABA mechanisms and sleep. Neuroscience.
2002;111(2):231-9.
Lancel M, Langebartels A., gamma-aminobutyric
Acid(A) (GABA(A)) agonist 4,5,6, 7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridin-3-ol
persistently increases sleep maintenance and intensity during
chronic administration to rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000
Jun;293(3):1084-90.
Cavagnini F, et al. Effect of acute and repeated
administration of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) on growth
hormone and prolactin secretion in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh)
1980;93(2):149-54.
5. Calcium Glycerophosphate
Calcium is the mineral found in highest content in the human
body, constituting 1.5-2% of our body weight. 98% of this is
found in bones, 2% in teeth, and the remainder in other tissues
and in circulation. It works with magnesium to regulate heart
and muscle contraction and nerve conduction. Calcium ions affect
the release of neurotransmitters, as well as nerve and cell
membranes. Calcium calms the nerves, since increased concentrations
have an inverse affect on nerve irritability.
Symptoms Associated with Calcium and/or Magnesium Deficiency
or Imbalance:
· Excessive tension, worry or anxiety without cause
· Irritable or angry responses to sudden stimuli or frustration
· Fear of social activities
· Severe indecisiveness
· Hypertension (high blood Pressure)
· Panic attacks
· Muscle spasms or tremors
· Altered reflexes
· Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
· Nervousness
· Insomnia
· Cardiac arrhythmia and racing pulse
· Increased irritability of nerves and muscles (Nervous tics, tremors,
and muscle spasm)
· Fatigue
· Depression
· Hyperactivity
· Neuromuscular excitability
· Anxiety
· Confusion
· Muscle pain
· Restlessness
· Weakness
Dosage/Safety: The optimum Daily Allowance (ODA) for calcium
is 1500 milligrams. Calcium is safe if used as directed. When
taking large doses for extended periods, some people experience
belching, flatulence, and gastrointestinal irritation.
References:
Nutritional Enzyme Support System, #416 Product
information, April, 1996. Page 2.
Carlson, R.J., Longitudinal observations of
two cases of organic anxiety syndrome. Psychosomatics 27(7):529-31,
1986).
Wallach J, ND, Lan M, MD, Rare Earths Forbidden
Cures (Bonita, CA, Double Happiness Publishing Co.), 1994.
Page 297.
Staying Healthy with Nutrition, Elson M. Haas,
M.D., Celestial Arts, California 1972. Pages 162-169.
Hathcock J, Ph.D., Council for Responsible
Nutrition, Vitamin and Mineral Safety, Page 49.
Blaurock-Busch E, PhD, Griffin V, PhD, Mineral
and Trace Element Analysis, Laboratory and Clinical Application
(Boulder, CO: TMI, Inc, 1996) Pages133 & 139.
Werbach M, M.D., Nutritional Influences on
Illness (Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press), 1988. Pages 488,
490.
6. Magnesium Citrate
Magnesium is involved in intracellular energy production,
protein formation, and cellular replication. Clinical Studies
have shown increased energy levels, improved emotional state
and less pain in chronic fatigue sufferers when supplemented
with magnesium, both orally and intramuscularly. Magnesium
is said to be useful when given with calcium for nervousness
and insomnia.
Symptoms Associated with Calcium and/or Magnesium Deficiency
or Imbalance:
· Excessive tension, worry or anxiety without cause
· Irritable or angry responses to sudden stimuli or frustration
· Fear of social activities
· Severe indecisiveness
· Hypertension (high blood Pressure)
· Panic attacks
· Muscle spasms or tremors
· Altered reflexes
· Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
· Nervousness
· Insomnia
· Cardiac arrhythmia and racing pulse
· Increased irritability of nerves and muscles (tics, tremors, and muscle
spasm)
· Fatigue
· Depression
· Hyperactivity
· Neuromuscular excitability
· Anxiety
· Confusion
· Muscle pain
· Restlessness
· Weakness
Dosage/Safety: Magnesium is safe if used as directed. Optimum
Daily Allowance (ODA) for magnesium is 750 - 1000 milligrams.
Larger doses can cause loose stools and/or diarrhea in some
people.
References:
"Nutritional Influences on Illness",
Melvyn R. Werbach, M.D., third Line Press, Inc., California,
2n edition 1993. Page 38.
"Encyclopedia of Nutritional Supplements",
Michael T. Murray, N.D., Prima Publishing, California 1996.
Pages 159-175.
Clauw, D.J., et al., Magnesium deficiency in
the eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome. Arth Rheum 9, 1331-1334,
1994.
Wallach J, ND, Lan M, MD, Rare Earths Forbidden
Cures (Bonita, CA, Double Happiness Publishing Co.), 1994.
Page 297.
Cox, I.M., Campbell, M.J. and Dowson D, Red
Blood Cell Magnesium and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Lancet
337, 7575-760, 1991.
Hathcock J, Ph.D., Council for Responsible
Nutrition, Vitamin and Mineral Safety, Page 49.
Hicks, J.T., Treatment of fatigue in general
practice: A double blind study, Clin Med Jan, 85-90, 1964.
Blaurock-Busch E, PhD, Griffin V, PhD, Mineral
and Trace Element Analysis, Laboratory and Clinical Application
(Boulder, CO: TMI, Inc, 1996) Pages133 & 139.
Werbach M, M.D., Nutritional Influences on
Illness (Tarzana, CA: Third Line Press), 1988. Pages 488,
490.
7. Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 is involved with chemical transmitters in the nervous
system, red blood cells and prostaglandins. It is essential
in the manufacturing of brain neurotransmitters. Symptoms such
as depression, impaired nerve function and glucose intolerance
are exhibited when a B6 deficiency exists. It is helpful in
depression and premenstrual syndrome. Oral contraceptives,
alcohol and excessive protein intake can contribute to B6 deficiency.
Vitamin B6 is used for:
· Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
· Arthritis
· Carpal tunnel syndrome
· Depression
· Diabetes
· Diabetic neuropathy
· Hyperhomocysteinemia
· Improving immunity
· "Morning sickness" in pregnancy
· Night leg cramps
· Primary homocystinuria
· Reducing muscle cramps
· Symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)
Dosage/Safety: Pyridoxine, when used appropriately, is very
safe. Current optimum daily allowance (ODA) is 25-100 mg.
References:
Aybak M, Sermet A, Ayyildiz MO, Karakilcik
AZ. Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation
on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension.
Arzneimittelforschung. 1995;45:1271-3. PM:8595083
Haslam RH, Dalby JT, Rademaker AW. Effects
of megavitamin therapy on children with attention deficit
disorders. Pediatrics 1984;74:103-11.
Kendall KE,.Schnurr PP. The effects of vitamin
B6 supplementation on premenstrual symptoms. Obstet.Gynecol.
PM:3299182 1987;70:145-9.
Friso S, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, et al. Low
circulating vitamin B(6) is associated with elevation of
the inflammation marker C-reactive protein independently
of plasma homocysteine levels. Circulation 2001;103:2788-91.
Holven KB, Holm T, Aukrust P, et al. Effect
of folic acid treatment on endothelium-dependent vasodilation
and nitric oxide-derived end products in hyperhomocysteinemic
subjects. Am J Med 2001;110:536-42.
De Souza MC, Walker AF, Robinson PA, Bolland
K. A synergistic effect of a daily supplement for 1 month
of 200 mg magnesium plus 50 mg vitamin B6 for the relief
of anxiety-related premenstrual symptoms: a randomized, double-blind,
crossover study. J Womens Health Gend.Based.Med 2000;9:131-9.
PM:10746516
Sunder-Plassmann G, Winkelmayer WC, Fodinger
M. Therapeutic potential of total homocysteine-lowering drugs
on cardiovascular disease. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 2000;9:2637-51.
Bernstein AL,.Dinesen JS. Brief communication:
effect of pharmacologic doses of vitamin B6 on carpal tunnel
syndrome, electroencephalographic results, and pain. J Am
Coll.Nutr. 1993;12:73-6.
Enzymatic Delivery System:
Improved bioavailability of the ingredients contained in the
UMN Tranquility/Sleep Support formula is accomplished by addition
of the following digestive enzymes to each capsule. After opening
in the stomach, the ingredients are hydrolyzed and pre-digested
by the enzymes, reducing the particle size of the nutrients
and improving their absorbability into the blood stream.
8. Lipase.
Lipase is a digestive enzyme secreted into the digestive tract
from the pancrease, or taken form plant sources, that catalyzes
the breakdown of fats into individual fatty acids that can
then be absorbed into the bloodstream as nutrients.
9. Amylase.
Amylase is a digestive enzyme found in saliva and pancreatic
juice and parts of plants, which digest various starches into
more simple sugars. Alpha amylase breaks the alpha-1,4-glucosidic
bonds of starch to yield oligosaccharides.
10. Cellulase.
An enzyme that breaks down cellulose to cellobiose, a sugar
composed of two glucose units. The human body does not make
cellulase, it must come from plant sources.
11. Protease.
Protease refers to a group of digestive enzymes used to hydrolyze
proteins. They are also called proteolytic enzymes or proteinases.
Proteolytic enzymes break the peptide bonds in proteins to
liberate the amino acids needed by the body.
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